Golden Age of Cannabis
In the six-plus years since cannabis became legal for all adults in Massachusetts, all demographics have increasingly used the substance in its various forms. A 2024 study published by Statista reported that almost 30% of Massachusetts residents used cannabis in 2022, the fifth-highest rate of any of the 24 states where it is legal for recreational use.
But one group, while not among the highest-rate cannabis users, has been rapidly catching up, and that’s seniors.
“We talk about it with our residents,” said Karen Walters-Zucco, executive director of the Arbors Assisted Living in Amherst and Greenfield. “A lot of people are thinking about it for relaxation, for sleep, or just to feel good, mood adjustments. Some are using it to lower anxiety, and a lot of folks have been using it for pain relief, for arthritis in their hands and joints.”
That doesn’t surprise cannabis-industry veteran Meg Sanders, CEO of Canna Provisions, which has dispensaries in Holyoke and Lee.
“I can tell you that traditional medicine has failed them in lots and lots of ways,” she told BusinessWest. “They’ve done the surgeries, they’ve done the anti-inflammatories, they’ve done all of the cortisol shots. They’re trying everything that the medical profession throws at them. And in a lot of ways, it’s just not succeeding.
“The number-one thing we hear from seniors is the inability to get a full night’s sleep,” she added. “I would say that is probably the number-one reason why we see [older] people come through our doors. ‘Is there something that will help me calm down or something that will relax me or help me sleep through the night?’”
Another interesting factor in the trend toward older adults using cannabis is postmenopausal women, she added. “That is a fascinating demographic; they are going through aches and pains that they’ve never had before because of estrogen loss. So joints hurt, and muscles aren’t recovering as fast because their hormones are diminishing. So they’re turning to cannabis for relief of aching joints and different pains that they might have, as well as the sleep aspect.”
But they’re also turning on because, well, it’s enjoyable.
“We are finding in assisted-living communities that this has become a social aspect of their everyday life,” Sanders said. “So they’re having gummy parties and watching movies, they’re having tinctures in their drinks, or they’re buying seltzers or various things off the shelf, and they’re having fun little parties in their group.
“And I love that it’s becoming so social for them because, ultimately, isn’t that how cannabis got started? It’s all of us standing in a circle passing a joint, right? It makes us happy,” she went on. “They’re not passing joints, maybe, but they are passing gummies. I hope they’re having a lot of fun.”
Higher Numbers
National statistics bear out what Sanders and Walters-Zucco are seeing locally. According to the 2024 University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging, about one in five people (21%) in the 50-plus age group said they used some form of cannabis — food, drink, flower, or another type — at least once in the last year, up from 12% in the 2021 poll. Meanwhile, 12% of respondents reported using cannabis at least once a month.
In 2015 and 2016, a time when cannabis was legal in very few places, about 3% of adults 65 and older were using it, according to research published in JAMA Internal Medicine.
According to AARP, older adults are increasingly turning to cannabis to alleviate pain, help them sleep, improve mental health, or cope with other medical conditions.
Specifically, according to the poll data, adults 50 and older are turning to cannabis to relax (81%), get help with sleep (68%), enjoy the effects or feel good (64%), get help with pain relief (63%), get help for mental health or mood (53%), treat a medical condition (40%), make a social gathering more fun or connect with others (31%), celebrate (26%), or experiment (18%).
Still, the AARP notes that, while many older adults are turning to cannabis to help with health issues, 44% of people who use it regularly have not discussed that use with a healthcare provider, which health experts say they definitely should.
“Even if your doctor, nurse practitioner, or pharmacist doesn’t ask if you’re using cannabis products, it’s important to offer this information, no matter whether you’re using it to address a physical or mental-health concern or simply for pleasure,” Dr. Jeffrey Kullgren, a primary-care physician at the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System and director of the National Poll on Healthy Aging, said in a news release.
Walters-Zucco agrees.
“It has to be a coordinated effort with their primary-care physician,” she said. “They want to make sure that their PCP is aware and can effectively treat other conditions; they don’t want anything to be counteractive or interfering with other medications they’re taking.”
That said, she has spoken with doctors and communicated with residents on the topic, and she believes cannabis can be a way for older individuals to avoid the pitfalls of opioid use, which remains a massive problem in Massachusetts, among other health benefits.
“But, again, what we’re talking about with residents is, you have to have a conversation with your primary-care physician to make sure that, if you’re going to take certain dosages, it’s not going to counteract with other medications that you’re taking for, say, your liver or kidneys, and that your gut can process cannabis.”
The University of Michigan poll highlighted the types of cannabis products favored by older adults. Seventy-four percent reported consuming edibles and beverages, which, Sanders noted, offers a smoke-free alternative to those concerned about respiratory health. Meanwhile, 58% smoke the flower, 26% opt for vaping, and 19% use dabs, butane hash oil, or other concentrates.
She added that the rising trend of cannabis use among older adults presents an opportunity for dispensaries in a highly competitive market, and shops should educate their staff on the specific benefits and considerations of cannabis use for seniors, as well as curating senior-friendly products, creating gift bundles with seniors in mind, hosting educational events, and generally fostering a welcoming environment, which may include accessible facilities, comfortable seating areas, and staff training to engage respectfully with older adults.
“Every single day, we see multi-generational shoppers come in together, and daughters are walking their mothers through, granddaughters are walking their grandparents through — ‘this is a really great thing, try this, I love this, you might love it,’” Sanders added, noting that family members are often influenced by the success and enjoyment experienced by trusted loved ones.
“I have people that hug me on a regular basis, saying, ‘thank you, you’ve helped me finally sleep.’ That right there is a huge healing aspect. So I think that’s part of it.”
Joint Efforts
Cannabis has taken hold across America, with those 24 states with legal recreational use joined by 14 more that have legalized for medical use. And that means more concern around using the substance safely.
In addition to possible contraindications from prescription drugs, medical professionals also caution about cannabis possibly affecting parts of the brain that are responsible for coordination and reaction time, according to the AARP, which cites a 2021 study in the journal Brain Sciences finding that older adults who used cannabis had a higher fall risk, worse balance, and slower gait speed than people who didn’t use cannabis.
The University of Michigan poll also found that 21% of older adults surveyed weren’t aware that many cannabis products available today are much stronger than they were decades ago, contributing to concerns about dose levels.
That’s why the Arbors has begun to take an educational role in residents’ cannabis use, even while acknowledging the potential benefits.
“They’re very interested in alternative medication and ways to treat diseases besides typical pharmaceuticals,” Walters-Zucco told BusinessWest. “So we ask them if they’re open to having a person come in and do a presentation about cannabis and answer any questions they may have.”
Many residents trying out cannabis have already used CBD products, she noted, but cannabis, which contains the psychoactive compound THC, is a much different animal. “We’re asking them to ask to talk to their primary-care physician before starting to take gummies, and dosages are definitely something they want to learn about.”
Walters-Zucco noted that, for some, it’s never too late to try something new.
“I talk to to residents, and one resident who’s 90 went to the pot shop for the first time — yes, she called it a pot shop. She said, ‘I can’t believe this.’ If it can help people with increased relaxation, better sleep, better pain relief, maybe elevate people’s moods, yes, absolutely — but it needs to be done safely and effectively with conversations with their primary-care physician.”
