A new University of Michigan study has revealed that more than one in five young adults use substances like cannabis or alcohol to help them fall asleep — and most of them use cannabis to sleep. The research, published in JAMA Pediatrics, warns that while this may seem like a quick fix, it could actually worsen long-term sleep quality.
According to the study, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 22% of young adults between the ages of 19 and 30 said they had used cannabis, alcohol, or both to fall asleep. Of these, a striking 18% use cannabis to sleep, while only 7% rely on alcohol. Among past-year cannabis users, 41% reported they use cannabis to sleep specifically, indicating that this has become a widespread nighttime habit.
Who Is More Likely to Use Cannabis to Sleep?
The study found important gender and racial differences among young adults. Women were nearly twice as likely as men to use cannabis to sleep, while gender-diverse participants were more than four times as likely. Meanwhile, Black young adults were three times more likely than white peers to turn to alcohol for sleep support.
Lead author Megan Patrick, research professor at the Institute for Social Research and principal investigator of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Panel Study, noted the concerning trend. “Using these substances to get to sleep can backfire because they can interfere with the ability to stay asleep and the quality of sleep,” she said.
Why Young Adults Use Cannabis to Sleep — And Why It Matters
The researchers point out that young adults often face high stress levels, irregular schedules, and digital overstimulation — all factors that contribute to insomnia and poor sleep. This may explain why so many use cannabis to sleep, seeking short-term relief from anxiety or restlessness. However, studies show that THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis, can disrupt REM cycles and reduce overall sleep quality, leading to fatigue and dependence.
The University of Michigan team says their findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep issues and substance use together. Since sleep problems and substance misuse often overlap in young adults, clinicians should screen for both and provide evidence-based support.
As more young adults use cannabis to sleep, experts warn that what seems like a harmless bedtime routine may create long-term sleep and health challenges. The researchers hope their findings will encourage healthier coping strategies and raise awareness about the potential downsides of using cannabis or alcohol as sleep aids.
