How Alcohol Trumps Cannabis in Surprise Pregnancies

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Medical Cannabis News
6 August 2025

A Risky Link Between Alcohol and Unwanted Pregnancy

According to a new study, women who strongly wanted to avoid pregnancy were significantly more likely to become pregnant if they engaged in heavy drinking. Their risk was 50% higher compared to women who drank moderately or did not drink at all. On the other hand, cannabis use showed no connection to increased chances of undesired pregnancy. Women who used cannabis were just as likely to avoid pregnancy as those who didn’t use it.

The study began with a larger group of over 2,000 non-pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 34. From that group, researchers focused on 936 participants who expressed a clear desire not to get pregnant. Among them, 429 reported heavy alcohol use (based on a standard alcohol screening questionnaire), and 362 reported using cannabis. Of those cannabis users, 157 said they used it daily or almost daily.

Heavy Drinking Drives Pregnancy Risk

Over the following year, 71 of the 936 women who were actively trying not to get pregnant ended up becoming pregnant. More than half of those unintended pregnancies (38) occurred in the group that drank heavily. That number exceeded the combined total among women who drank moderately or didn’t drink at all. The findings suggest that heavy alcohol use is clearly linked to a higher risk of undesired pregnancy when compared with lower or no alcohol consumption.

Cannabis Use Shows No Elevated Risk

In contrast, less than half of the 71 undesired pregnancies (28) occurred among people who used cannabis, meaning that those who used cannabis did not show an elevated risk of undesired pregnancy compared with people who did not use cannabis.

Lead author Dr. Sarah Raifman, of the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, comments: “This study made two important findings. First, non-pregnant women who drink heavily appear, on average, to have a higher desire to avoid pregnancy than those who drink moderately or not at all. Second, drinking heavily as opposed to moderately or not at all appears to put those who most want to avoid pregnancy at higher risk of becoming pregnant within one year. Finding out why those pregnancies happen is the next step in our research.”

Health Implications and Medical Guidance

“In the meantime, given the potentially life-altering effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (which occur when a fetus is exposed to alcohol through the mother’s drinking) and the fact that the risk of FASD increases with the amount and duration of the mother’s drinking, it’s important for doctors and clinicians to support women who drink heavily to stop drinking as soon as they suspect an unintentional pregnancy.”

Reference: “Alcohol and drug use and attainment of pregnancy preferences in the southwestern United States: A longitudinal cohort study” by Sarah Raifman, Sarah C. M. Roberts and Corinne H. Rocca, 30 July 2025, Addiction.
DOI: 10.1111/add.70135

by SciTechDaily

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